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## Q. 2.1

ⓐ An isotope of cobalt (Co, Z = 27) is used in radiation therapy for cancer. This isotope has 33 neutrons in its nucleus. What is its nuclear symbol?

ⓑ One of the most harmful components of nuclear waste is a radioactive isotope of strontium, $_{38}^{90}Sr$; it can be deposited in your bones, where it replaces calcium. How many protons are in the nucleus of Sr-90? How many neutrons?
ⓒ Write the nuclear symbol for the element used in diagnostic bone scans. It has 31 protons and 38 neutrons.

 ANALYLSIS Z (27); number of neutrons, n (33) Information given: nuclear symbol Asked for:

STRATEGY

1. Note that Z stands for the atomic number or the number of protons $p^{+}$.

2. Recall that a nuclear symbol is written $_{Z^A}X$ where A stands for the number of neutrons (n) plus protons ($p^{+}$).

 ANALYLSIS nuclear symbol: $_{38}^{90}Sr$ Information given: $p^{+}$; n Asked for:

 ANALYLSIS $p^{+}$ = 31; n = 38 Information given identity of the element Information implied: nuclear symbol Asked for:

## Verified Solution

nuclear symbol        Z = $p^{+}$ = 27; A = $p^{+}$ + n = 27 + 33; $_{Z}^{A}Co$ = $_{27}^{60}Co$

 protons Z = $p^{+}$ = 38 neutrons A = $p^{+}$ + n = 90; 90 = 38 + n; n = 90 – 38 = 52

 nuclear symbol Z = $p^{+}$ = 31 (placed on bottom left of element) A = $p^{+}$ + n = 31 + 38 = 69 The element (X) is gallium identified by its atomic number Z. nuclear symbol: $_{Z}^{A }X$ = $_{31}^{69}Ga$