A motorway warning display is supported symmetrically by two identical pin-jointed frames as shown in Fig. P.4.4. The frames must be designed to withstand a wind load of 4 kN / m ^{2} . Calculate the forces in the members of a frame and check your solution using a graphical method. Neglect the weight of the display.
Chapter 4
Q. 4.4

Step-by-Step
Verified Solution
In Fig. S.4.4(a), the length of BC is obtained by similar triangles.
i.e.
\frac{ BC }{2.5}=\frac{3}{5.25}
which gives
BC =1.43 m
Further
\alpha=\tan ^{-1} \frac{3}{5.25}=29.7^{\circ}
and
\beta=\tan ^{-1} \frac{1.43}{2.75}=27.5^{\circ}
The total wind load on the display is 4 × 5 × 4 = 80 kN. Therefore, the horizontal forces at A and B are 20 kN.
Resolving forces horizontally at B
F_{ BC }+20=0
so that
F_{ BC }=-20 kN \text { (compression) }
Resolving forces horizontally at A
F_{ AC } \sin 29.7^{\circ}+20=0
from which
F_{ AC }=-40.4 kN \text { (compression) }
Resolving forces vertically at A
F_{ AB }+F_{ AC } \cos 29.7^{\circ}=0
which gives
F_{ AB }=35.1 kN \text { (tension) }
Resolving forces perpendicular to AC at C
F_{ CD } \cos 32.8^{\circ}+F_{ AC } \cos 29.7^{\circ}=0
so that
F_{ CD }=20.7 kN \text { (tension) }
Resolving forces parallel to CE at C
F_{ CE }-F_{ CA }-F_{ CB } \cos 60.3^{\circ}+F_{ CD } \cos 57.2^{\circ}=0
which gives
F_{ CE }=-61.5 kN \text { (compression) }
Finally, resolving forces horizontally at E
F_{ ED }+F_{ CE } \cos 60.3^{\circ}=0
giving
F_{ ED }=30.5 kN \text { (tension) }
The graphical solution is obtained by first numbering the spaces between the forces as shown in Fig. S.4.4(a) and then completed as shown in Fig. S.4.4(b).

