The cross sections labeled A and B in case (a) are identical to the corresponding cross sections in case (b). Assume that, in both (a) and (b), a fluid in steady motion flows through A with speed { \upsilon }_{ 1 } and exits the system at B with a speed { \upsilon }_{ 2 }. If the pipe sections are to remain stationary and if the mass flow rate is identical in the two cases, determine whether the magnitude of the horizontal force acting on the pipes due to the water flow in case (a) is smaller than, equal to, or larger than that in case (b). In addition, for both (a) and (b), establish the direction of the force.