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Physics
Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics
545 SOLVED PROBLEMS
Question: 33.9
Shutter speed. To improve the depth of field, you “stop down” your camera lens by two f-stops from f/4 to f/8. What should you do to the shutter speed to maintain the same exposure? ...
Verified Answer:
The amount of light admitted by the lens is propor...
Question: 14.9
Measuring g. A geologist uses a simple pendulum that has a length of 37.10 cm and a frequency of 0.8190 Hz at a particular location on the Earth. What is the acceleration of gravity at this location? ...
Verified Answer:
We solve Eq.14-12b for
g
and obtain...
Question: 14.8
Doubling the amplitude. Suppose the spring in Fig. 14-10 is stretched twice as far (to x = 2 A). What happens to (a) the energy of the system, (b) the maximum velocity of the oscillating mass, (c) the maximum acceleration of the mass? ...
Verified Answer:
(a) From Eq. 14-10a, the total energy is proportio...
Question: 14.7
Energy calculations. For the simple harmonic oscillation of Example 14-5, determine (a) the total energy, (b) the kinetic and potential energies as a function of time, (c) the velocity when the mass is 0.050 m from equilibrium, (d) the kinetic and potential energies at half amplitude (x =± A /2). ...
Verified Answer:
(a) From Example 14-5,
k=19.6 \mathrm{~N} /...
Question: 14.6
Spring is started with a push. Suppose the spring of Example 14-5 is compressed 0.100 m from equilibrium (x0 = -0.100 m) but is given a shove to create a velocity in the +x direction of v0 = 0.400 m/s. Determine (a) the phase angle Φ,(b) the amplitude A, and (c) the displacement x as a function of ...
Verified Answer:
(a) We combine Eqs. 14-8a and 14-4 at
t=0[/...
Question: 44.7
Critical density of the universe. Use energy conservation and escape velocity (Section 8-7) to estimate the critical density of the universe. APPROACH At the critical density, ρc any given galaxy of mass m will just be able to “escape” away from our Galaxy. As we saw in Section 8-7, escape can just ...
Verified Answer:
Substituting this M into the equation above, and s...
Question: 44.6
Distance to a star using parallax. Estimate the distance D to a star if the angle θ in Fig. 44-11 is measured to be 89.99994°. APPROACH From trigonometry, tan ϕ = d/D in Fig. 44-11. The Sun-Earth distance is d = 1.5 × 10 ^8 km. ...
Verified Answer:
The angle
\phi=90^{\circ}-89.99994^{\circ}=...
Question: 44.5
Distance to a star using the H-R diagram and color. Suppose that detailed study of a certain star suggests that it most likely fits on the main sequence of an H-R diagram. Its measured apparent brightness is b = 1.0 × 10^-12 W/m², and the peak wavelength of its spectrum is λp ≈ 600 nm. Estimate its ...
Verified Answer:
The star's temperature, from Wien's law (Eq. 37-1)...
Question: 44.4
Determining star temperature and star size. Suppose that the distances from Earth to two nearby stars can be reasonably estimated, and that their measured apparent brightnesses suggest the two stars have about the same luminosity, L. The spectrum of one of the stars peaks at about 700 nm (so it is ...
Verified Answer:
(a) Wien's law (Eq. 37-1) states that
\lamb...
Question: 44.3
Apparent brightness. Suppose a particular star has intrinsic luminosity equal to that of our Sun, but is 10 ly away from Earth. By what factor will it appear dimmer than the Sun? APPROACH The luminosity L is the same for both stars, so the apparent brightness depends only on their relative ...
Verified Answer:
Using the inverse square law, the star appears dim...
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