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Science for Engineering
The Science and Engineering of Materials
198 SOLVED PROBLEMS
Question: 5.2
Semiconductor Doping One step in manufacturing transistors, which function as electronic switches in integrated circuits, involves diffusing impurity atoms into a semiconductor material such as silicon. Suppose a silicon wafer 0.1 cm thick, which originally contains one phosphorus atom for every 10 ...
Verified Answer:
a. First, let’s calculate the initial and surface ...
Question: 16.3
Condensation Polymerization of 6,6-Nylon Nylon was first reported by Wallace Hume Carothers of Du Pont^TM in about 1934. In 1939, Charles Stine, also from Du Pont^TM, reported the discovery of this first synthetic fiber to a group of 3000 women gathered for the New York World’s Fair. The first ...
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The molecular weights of hexamethylene diamine, ad...
Question: 16.4
Degree of Polymerization for 6,6-Nylon Calculate the degree of polymerization if 6,6-nylon has a molecular weight of 120,000 g/mol. ...
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The reaction by which 6,6-nylon is produced was de...
Question: 19.5
Design of a Semiconductor Design a p-type semiconductor based on silicon, which provides a constant conductivity of 100 ohm^-1 ⋅ cm^-1 over a range of temperatures. Compare the required concentration of acceptor atoms in Si with the concentration of Si atoms. ...
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In order to obtain the desired conductivity, we mu...
Question: 19.7
Electronic Polarization in Copper Suppose that the average displacement of the electrons relative to the nucleus in a copper atom is 10^-8 Å when an electric field is imposed on a copper plate. Calculate the electronic polarization. ...
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The atomic number of copper is 29, so there are 29...
Question: 19.8
Design of a Multi-Layer Capacitor A multi-layer capacitor is to be designed using a BaTiO3 formulation containing SrTiO3. The dielectric constant of the material is 3000. (a) Calculate the capacitance of a multi-layer capacitor consisting of 100 layers connected in parallel using nickel electrodes. ...
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(a) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor ...
Question: 16.9
Determination of Initial Stress in a Polymer A band of polyisoprene is to hold together a bundle of steel rods for up to one year. If the stress on the band is less than 1500 psi, the band will not hold the rods tightly. Determine the initial stress that must be applied to a polyisoprene band when ...
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Although the strain on the elastomer band may be c...
Question: 19.4
Carrier Concentrations in Intrinsic Ge For germanium at 25°C, estimate (a) the number of charge carriers, (b) the fraction of the total electrons in the valence band that are excited into the conduction band, and (c) the constant n0 in Equation 19-12a. ...
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From Table 19-5, ρ = 43 Ω · cm, ∴ σ = 0.0233 [late...
Question: 15.3
Cubic Zirconia Cubic zirconia (ZrO2) is a less expensive alternative to diamond for jewelry. It is also used to make oxygen gas sensors used in, for example, automotive engines, and to measure dissolved oxygen in molten steels because of its high ionic conductivity. Zirconia is an additive in ...
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This is the fluorite crystal structure. (See Table...
Question: 15.5
Impurities in Diamond The canary or fancy yellow diamonds called Type Ia diamonds contain substitutional nitrogen impurities at a concentration of less than 100 ppm. The presence of nitrogen creates absorption levels in the band structure of diamond that make it possible for electrons to absorb ...
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The diamond cubic crystal structure contains eight...
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