Question 21.6: Classify the enzyme used in each of the following reactions....

General, organic, & biological chemistry

Classify the enzyme used in each of the following reactions.

Analysis

Concentrate on the functional groups that change in the reaction, and use Table 21.3 to classify the enzyme.

Table 21.3 Classification of Enzymes
Enzyme Class or Subclass	Reaction Catalyzed
Oxidoreductases	Oxidation–reduction
• Oxidases	• Oxidation
• Reductases	• Reduction
• Dehydrogenases	• Addition or removal of 2 H’s
Transferases	Transfer of a group
• Transaminases	• Transfer of an $\mathrm{NH}_2$ group
• Kinases	• Transfer of a phosphate
Hydrolases	Hydrolysis
• Lipases	• Hydrolysis of lipid esters
• Proteases	• Hydrolysis of amide bonds in proteins
• Nucleases	• Hydrolysis of nucleic acids
Isomerases	Isomerization
Lyases	Addition to a double bond or elimination to give a double bond
• Dehydrases	• Removal of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$
• Decarboxylases	• Removal of $\mathrm{CO}_2$
• Synthases	• Addition of a small molecule to a double bond
Ligases	Bond formation accompanied by ATP hydrolysis
• Carboxylases	• Bond formation between a substrate and $\mathrm{CO}_2$

21.6

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