A fuse in an electric circuit is a wire that is designed to melt, and thereby open the circuit, if the current exceeds a predetermined value. Suppose that the material to be used in a fuse melts when the current density rises to 440 A/cm². What diameter of cylindrical wire should be used to make a fuse that will limit the current to 0.50 A?
The cross-sectional area of wire is given by A = πr² , where r is its radius (half its thickness). The magnitude of the current density vector is
J=i / A=i / \pi r^2,
so
r=\sqrt{\frac{i}{\pi J}}=\sqrt{\frac{0.50 \,A }{\pi\left(440 \times 10^4 \,A / m ^2\right)}}=1.9 \times 10^{-4}\, m .
The diameter of the wire is therefore d=2 r=2\left(1.9 \times 10^{-4}\, m \right)=3.8 \times 10^{-4}\, m .