Question 9.7: The double-lap joint depicted in Fig. 9–26 consists of alumi...

The double-lap joint depicted in Fig. 9–26 consists of aluminum outer adherends and an inner steel adherend. The assembly is cured at 250°F and is stress-free at 200°F. The completed bond is subjected to an axial load of 2000 lbf at a service temperature of 70°F. The width b is 1 in, the length of the bond l is 1 in. Additional information is tabulated below:

Thickness, in α, in/(in . °F) E, psi G, psi
0.020 55(10^{-6}) 0.2(10^{6}) Adhesive
0.150 13.3(10^{-6}) 10(10^{6}) Outer adherend
0.100 6.0(10^{-6}) 30(10^{6}) Inner adherend

Sketch a plot of the shear stress as a function of the length of the bond due to (a) thermal stress, (b) load-induced stress, and (c) the sum of stresses in a and b; and (d) find where the largest shear stress is maximum.

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In Eq. (9–7) the parameter ω is given by

τ (x) =\frac{Pω}{4b sinh(ωl/2)} cosh(ωx) +\left[ \frac {Pω}{4b cosh(ωl/2)} \left(\frac {2E_{o}t_{o} − E_{i} t_{i}}{2E_{o}t_{o} + E_{i}t_{i}}\right) +\frac {(α_{i} − α_{o})Tω}{(1/E_{o}t_{o} + 2/E_{i} t_{i} ) cosh(ωl/2)} \right] sinh(ωx)            (9–7)

w=\sqrt{ \frac {G}{h} \left(\frac {1}{E_{o}t_{o}} +\frac {2}{E_{i}t_{i}}  \right) }

=\sqrt{ \frac {0.2(10^{6})}{0.020} \left[\frac {1}{10(10^{6})0.15} +\frac {2}{30(10^{6})0.10}  \right] }= 3.65 in^{−1}

(a) For the thermal component, α_{i} − α_{o} = 6(10^{−6}) − 13.3(10^{−6}) = −7.3(10^{−6})  in/( in °F), T = 70 − 200 = −130°F,

τ_{th}(x) =\frac {(α_{i} − α_{o})Tω sinh(ωx)}{(1/E_{o}t_{o} + 2/E_{i} t_{i} ) cosh(ωl/2)}

τ_{th}(x) =\frac { −7.3(10^{−6})(−130)3.65 sinh(3.65x)}{ \left[ \frac {1}{10(10^{6})0.150} +\frac {2}{30(10^{6})0.100}\right] cosh \left[\frac {3.65(1)}{2}\right]}

= 816.4 sinh(3.65x)

The thermal stress is plotted in Fig. (9–27) and tabulated at x = −0.5, 0, and 0.5 in the table below.

(b) The bond is “balanced” (E_{o}t_{o} = E_{i} t_{i}/2), so the load-induced stress is given by

τ_{P}(x) =\frac {Pω  cosh(ωx)}{4b  sinh(ωl/2) }=\frac{2000(3.65) cosh(3.65x)}{4(1)3.0208} = 604.1 cosh(3.65x)                       (1)

The load-induced stress is plotted in Fig. (9–27) and tabulated at x = −0.5, 0, and 0.5 in the table below.

(c) Total stress table (in psi):

τ(0.5) τ(0) τ(−0.5)
2466 0 −2466 Thermal only
1922 604 1922 Load-induced only
4388 604 −544 Combined

(d) The maximum shear stress predicted by the shear-lag model will always occur at the ends. See the plot in Fig. 9–27. Since the residual stresses are always present, significant shear stresses may already exist prior to application of the load. The large stresses present for the combined-load case could result in local yielding of a ductile adhesive or failure of a more brittle one. The significance of the thermal stresses serves as a caution against joining dissimilar adherends when large temperature changes are involved. Note also that the average shear stress due to the load is τ_{avg} = P/(2bl) = 1000 psi. Equation (1) produced a maximum of 1922 psi, almost double the average.

9.27

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