Question 18.9: The Howland current source of Fig. 18-31 has R = 15 kΩ, vin ...

The Howland current source of Fig. 18-31 has R = 15 kΩ, v_{in} = 3 V, and V_{CC}= 15 V. What is the output current? What is the largest load resistance that can be used with this circuit if the maximum input voltage is 9 V?

18.31
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With the equations of Fig. 18-31:

i_{out}=\frac{-3 \ V}{15 \ k\Omega } = −0.2 \ mA

The maximum load resistance is:

R_{L(max)} = \frac{15 \ kΩ}{2} \left(\frac{15 \ V }{12 \ V }-1\right) = 1.88 \ k\Omega

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