Question 8.T.15: (Integration by Parts) Let f, g : [a, b] → R be differentiab...

(Integration by Parts)

Let f, g : [a, b] → \mathbb{R} be differentiable on [a, b]. If f^{\prime} , g^{\prime} ∈ \mathcal{R}(a, b) , then

\int_{a}^{b}{f (x)g^{\prime}(x)dx} = f (b) g (b) − f (a) g (a) − \int_{a}^{b}{f^{\prime} (x)g(x)dx}.        (8.20)

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Corollary 8.10.3 ensures the existence of both integrals in (8.20).

To prove the equality, put h = f g. From the product rule, we have

h^{\prime} = f^{\prime}g + f g^{\prime}

and we deduce from the fundamental theorem of calculus that

f (b)g(b) − f (a)g(a) = h (b) − h (a)

= \int_{a}^{b}{[f^{\prime}(x)g(x) + f (x)g^{\prime}(x)]} dx

\int_{a}^{b}{f^{\prime} (x)g(x)}  dx + \int_{a}^{b}{f (x)g^{\prime}(x)} dx.

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