Question 11.20: The following data pertain to a turbo-jet flying at an altit...
The following data pertain to a turbo-jet flying at an altitude of 9500 m :
Speed of the turbo-jet = 800 km/h
Propulsive efficiency = 55%
Overall efficiency of the turbine plant = 17%
Density of air at 9500 m altitude = 0.17 kg/m³
Drag on the plane = 6100 N
Assuming calorific value of the fuels used as 46000 kJ/kg,
Calculate :
(i) Absolute velocity of the jet. ( ii) Volume of air compressed per min.
(iii) Diameter of the jet. ( iv) Power output of the unit.
(v) Air-fuel ratio.
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Given : Altitude = 9500 m, C _{a} = \frac{800 × 1000}{60 × 60} = 222.2 m/s,
η_{propulsive } = 55%, η_{overall } = 17% ; density of air at 9500 m altitude = 0.17 kg/m³ ; drag on the plane = 6100 N.
(i) Absolute velocity of the jet, (C_{j} – C_{a}) :
η_{propulsive} = 0.55 = \frac{2 C_{a}}{C_{j} + C_{a}}where, C_{j} = Velocity of gases at nozzle exit relative to the aircraft, and
C_{a} = Velocity of the turbo-jet/aircraft.
∴ 0.55 = \frac{2 × 222.2}{ C_{j} + 222.2}
i.e., C_{j} = \frac{2 × 222.2}{0.55} – 222.2 = 585.8 m/s
∴ Absolute velocity of jet = C_{j} – C_{a} = 585.8 – 222.2 = 363.6 m/s.
(ii) Volume of air compressed/min. :
Propulsive force = \dot{m}_{a} (C_{j} – C_{a} )
6100 = \dot{m}_{a} (585.8 – 222.2)
∴ \dot{m}_{a} = 16.77 kg/s
∴ Volume of air compressed/min. = \frac{16.77}{0.17} × 60 = 5918.8 kg/min.
(iii) Diameter of the jet, d :
Now, \frac{π}{4} d² × C_{j} = 5918.8
i.e., \frac{π}{4} d² × 585.8 = (5918.8/60)
∴ d = (\frac{5918.8 × 4}{60 × π × 585.8})^{1/2} = 0.463 m = 463 mm
i.e., Diameter of the jet = 463 mm.
(iv) Power output of the unit :
Thrust power = Drag force × velocity of turbo-jet
= 6100 × 222.2 N-m/s
= \frac{6100 × 222.2}{1000} = 1355.4 kW
Turbine output = \frac{Thrust power}{Propulsive efficiency} = \frac{1355.4}{0.55} = 2464.4 kW.
(v) Overall efficiency, η_{0} :
η_{0} = \frac{ Heat equivalent of output}{\dot{m}_{f} × C.V.}i.e., 0.17 = \frac{2464.4}{\dot{m}_{f} × 46000}
∴ \dot{m}_{f} = \frac{2464.4}{0.17 × 46000} = 0.315 kg/s
∴ Air-fuel ratio = \frac{Air used (in kg/s)}{Fuel used (in kg/s)} = \frac{16.77}{0.315} = 53.24
i.e., Air-fuel ratio = 53.24 : 1.