Question F.5: A short circuit occurs when an electrical conductor is purpo......

A short circuit occurs when an electrical conductor is purposely or inadvertently placed across a circuit component. The short causes the current to bypass the shorted component. Calculate V_{\mathrm{out}} in Figure F–5.

Figure F–5
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V_{\mathrm{out}} is connected directly to ground; therefore, V_{\mathrm{out}} = 0 V. All of the 12-V supply is dropped across the 4-kΩ resistor.

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