Assume everything is identical to Example 18.6 except that the subsidiary has issued 12 per cent preference shares of Rs 3,000 million for a 6 years period, with flotation costs of 3 per cent. Determine the effective cost of preference shares to the US parent.
Based on equation 18.4,
P_o(1- f)=\sum\limits_{t=1}^{n}{\frac{DP_t}{(1+k_p)^t} +\frac{P_n}{(1+k_p)^n} } (18.4)
k_p =
$ 61.2632 million = \frac{\mathrm{\$ \>7.3220\> million}}{(1+k_p)^1}+\frac{\mathrm{\$ \>7.1784\> million}}{(1+k_p)^2}+…+\frac{\mathrm{\$ \>62.7142\> million}}{(1+k_p)^6}
Like k_d, the approximate formula to determine kp is provided by Equation 18.5.
\, = DP (1\, –\, d)\, (1 + f) \,–\, d (18.5)
\, = 12% (1 – 0.02) (1 + 0.0195) – 2%
\, = 11.99% – 2% = 9.99% or 10 per cent.
The value of k_p is likely to be between 10 and 11 per cent.
\, k_p = 10% + \left\lgroup\frac{\mathrm{\$ \>62.1545\> million − \$\> 61.2632 \>million =\$ \>0.8913\> million}}{\mathrm{\$ \>62.1545\> million − \$\> 59.6809 =\$ \>2.4736\> million}} \right\rgroup
\, =10% + 0.36% = 10.36 per cent.
\, In the event of the currency in which borrowings are made appreciating vis-à-vis the base currency (US dollar in the present context), Equation 18.6 provides the basis of determining the approximate value of kp.
\qquad \qquad k_p = DP\, (1 + r) \,(1 + f) + r (18.6)
(i) Determination of Cash Inflows:
Rs 3,000 million | Face value of 12 per cent preference shares |
90
|
Less flotation costs (0.03 × Rs 3,000 million) |
2910 | Net proceeds received |
47.50
|
Divided by Re/$ exchange rate |
$ 61.2632 million | US $ equivalent received |
(ii) Determination of Cash Outflows (t = 1–8)
Rs 360 million | Dividend payable on preference shares (0.12 × Rs 3,000 million) |
5.25
|
Less tax advantage on flotation costs (Rs 90 million/6 years = Rs 15 million × 0.35) |
354.75 | Effective cash outflows |
(iii) Determination of Cash Outflows in US $
Cash\>outflows ($) | Rate\>of\>exchange\>Re/$ | Effective\>cash\>outflows | Year |
$ 7.3220 million | 48.45 | Rs 354.75 million | 1 |
7.1784 | 49.419 | 354.75 | 2 |
7.0377 | 50.4074 | 354.75 | 3 |
6.8997 | 51.4155 | 354.75 | 4 |
6.7644 | 52.4438 | 354.75 | 5 |
62.7142 | 53.4926 | 3354.75* | 6 |
* Includes redemption sum of Rs 3,000 million at year-end 6.
Determination of PV at 10 pr cent and 11 per cent ($million)
Total\>PV\>at | PV\>factor\>at | Cash\>outflows \, |
Year \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad |
||
11% | 10% | 11% | 10% | ||
$ 6.5971 | $ 6.6557 | 0.901 | 0.909 | $ 7.3220 | 1 |
5.8289 | 5.9294 | 0.812 | 0.826 | 7.1784 | 2 |
5.1446 | 5.2853 | 0.731 | 0.751 | 7.0377 | 3 |
4.5469 | 4.7125 | 0.659 | 0.683 | 6.8997 | 4 |
4.0113 | 4.2007 | 0.593 | 0.621 | 6.7644 | 5 |
33.5521
|
35.3709
|
0.535 | 0.564 | 62.7142 | 6 |
59.6809 | 62.1545 | Total present value |