Question 18.CC.4: Coenzymes Describe the reactive part of each of the followin......
Coenzymes
Describe the reactive part of each of the following coenzymes and the way each participates in metabolic pathways:
a. FAD
b. NAD ^{+}
c. coenzyme A
Step-by-Step
a. When two nitrogen atoms in the flavin accept 2H^{+} and 2 e^{-}, FAD is reduced to FADH_{2}. FAD is the coenzyme in dehydrogenation (oxidation with a loss of 2H) reactions that produce a carbon–carbon (C=C) double bond.
b. When a carbon atom in the pyridine ring of nicotinamide accepts H^{+} and 2 e^{-}, NAD^{+} is reduced to NADH. The NAD^{+} coenzyme participates in oxidation reactions that produce a carbon–oxygen (C=O) double bond.
a. The thiol (—SH) in coenzyme A combines with an acetyl group to form acetyl coenzyme A, which participates in the transfer of acetyl groups.
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