Question 28.CE.2: Reading and understanding the symbols in the periodic table ......

Reading and understanding the symbols in the periodic table

Determine the chemical elements represented by the symbol X for each of the following atoms: ${ }_{10}^{20} \mathrm{X}, \quad{ }_{24}^{52} \mathrm{X}, \quad \frac{59}{27} \mathrm{X} \text{ }\text { and }{ }_{41}^{93} \mathrm{X}$ .

Step-by-Step

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Sketch and translate To determine the element, we use the periodic table (Table 27.9) and the lower left number (Z) in the symbol to determine the element.

Simplify and diagram The results for the four symbols are shown in the table below.

Try it yourself: Determine the chemical element with the following Z and A: ${ }_{29}^{63} \mathrm{X}$ .

Answer: An isotope of copper, that is, copper-63.

III

VII

\begin{gathered} 1 \\ \mathrm{H} \\ (1.0080) \end{gathered}

Transition elements

\begin{gathered} 2 \\ \mathrm{He} \\ 4.0026 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 3 \\ \mathrm{Li} \\ 6.941 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 4 \\ \mathrm{Be} \\ 9.0122 \end{gathered}

Transition elements

\begin{gathered}5\\ \mathrm{B} \\ 10.81 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}6\\ \mathrm{C} \\ 12.011 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 7\\ \mathrm{N} \\ 14.0067 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 8 \\ \mathrm{O} \\ 15.9994 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 9 \\ \mathrm{F} \\ 18.9984 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 10 \\ \mathrm{Ne} \\ 20.179 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 11\\ \mathrm{Na} \\ 22.9898\end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 12\\ \mathrm{Mg} \\ 24.305 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}13\\ \mathrm{Al} \\ 26.9815 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 14 \\ \mathrm{Si} \\ 28.086 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 15 \\ \mathrm{P} \\ 30.9738 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 16 \\ \mathrm{S} \\ 32.06 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 17 \\ \mathrm{Cl} \\ 35.453 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 18 \\ \mathrm{Ar} \\ 39.948 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 19 \\ \mathrm{~K} \\ 39.102 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 20 \\ \mathrm{Ca} \\ 40.08 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 21 \\ \mathrm{Sc} \\ 44.956 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 22 \\ \mathrm{Ti} \\ 47.90 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 23 \\ \mathrm{V} \\ 50.941 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 24 \\ \mathrm{Cr} \\ 51.996 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 25 \\ \mathrm{Mn} \\ 54.9380 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 26 \\ \mathrm{Fe} \\ 55.847 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 27 \\ \mathrm{Co} \\ 58.9332 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 28 \\ \mathrm{Ni} \\ 58.71 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 29 \\ \mathrm{Cu} \\ 63.54 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 30 \\ \mathrm{Zn} \\ 65.37 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 31 \\ \mathrm{Ga} \\ (69.72 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 32 \\ \mathrm{Ge} \\ 72.59 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 33 \\ \mathrm{As} \\ 74.9216 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 34 \\ \mathrm{Se} \\ 78.96 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}  35 \\ \mathrm{Br} \\ 79.909 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 36 \\ \mathrm{Kr} \\ 83.80 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 37 \\ \mathrm{Rb} \\ 85.467 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 38 \\ \mathrm{Sr} \\ 87.62 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 39 \\ \mathrm{Y} \\ 88.906 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 40 \\ \mathrm{Zr} \\ 91.22 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 41 \\ \mathrm{Nb} \\ 92.906 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 42 \\ \mathrm{Mo} \\ 95.94 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 43 \\ \mathrm{Tc} \\ (99) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 44 \\ \mathrm{Ru} \\ 101.07 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 45 \\ \mathrm{Rh} \\ 102.906 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}46 \\ \mathrm{Pd} \\ 106.4 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 47 \\ \mathrm{Ag} \\ 107.870 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}48 \\ \mathrm{Cd} \\ 112.40 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 49 \\ \mathrm{In} \\ 114.82 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}50 \\ \mathrm{Sn} \\ 118.69 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 51 \\ \mathrm{Sb} \\ 121.75 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 52 \\ \mathrm{Te} \\ 127.60 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 53 \\ \mathrm{I} \\126.9045 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 54 \\ \mathrm{Xe} \\ 131.30 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 55 \\ \mathrm{Cs} \\ 132.906 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 56 \\ \mathrm{Ba} \\ 137.34 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 57 \\ \mathrm{La} \\ 138.906 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 72 \\ \mathrm{Hf} \\ 178.49 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 73 \\ \mathrm{Ta} \\ 180.948 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 74 \\ \mathrm{W} \\ 183.85 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 75 \\ \mathrm{Re} \\ 186.2 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 76 \\ \mathrm{Os} \\ 190.2 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 77\\ \mathrm{Ir} \\ 192.2 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}78 \\ \mathrm{Pt} \\ 195.09 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}79 \\ \mathrm{Au} \\ 196.967 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 80 \\ \mathrm{Hg} \\ 200.59 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 81 \\ \mathrm{Tl} \\ 204.37 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 82 \\ \mathrm{Pb} \\ (207.2 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 83 \\ \mathrm{Bi} \\ 208.981 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 84 \\ \mathrm{Po} \\ (210) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 85\\ \mathrm{At} \\ (210) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 86 \\ \mathrm{Rn} \\ (222) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 87 \\ \mathrm{Fr} \\ (223) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 88 \\ \mathrm{Ra} \\ 226.03 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 89 \\ \mathrm{Ac} \\ 227.028 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 104 \\ \mathrm{Rf} \\(261)  \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 105 \\ \mathrm{Db} \\ (262) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 106 \\ \mathrm{Sg} \\ (266) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 107 \\ \mathrm{Bh} \\ (264) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 108\\ \mathrm{Hs} \\ (269) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 109\\ \mathrm{Mt} \\ (268) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 110\\ \mathrm{Ds} \\ (271) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 111\\ \mathrm{Rg} \\ (272)\end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 112\\ \mathrm{Cn} \\ (285)\end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 114\\ \mathrm{Fl} \\ (289)\end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 116\\ \mathrm{Lv} \\ (293)\end{gathered}

Lanthanide series

\begin{gathered} 58 \\ \mathrm{Ce} \\ 140.12 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 59 \\ \mathrm{Pr} \\ 140.908 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 60 \\ \mathrm{Nd} \\ 144.24 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 61 \\ \mathrm{Pm} \\ (147) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 62 \\ \mathrm{Sm} \\ 150.4 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 63 \\ \mathrm{Eu} \\ 151.96 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 64 \\ \mathrm{Gd} \\ 157.25 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 65 \\ \mathrm{Tb} \\ 158.925 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}66 \\ \mathrm{Dy} \\ 162.50 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}67 \\ \mathrm{Ho} \\ 164.930 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 68 \\ \mathrm{Er} \\ 167.26 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 69 \\ \mathrm{Tm} \\ 168.934 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 70 \\ \mathrm{Yb} \\ 173.04 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 71 \\ \mathrm{Lu} \\ 174.97 \end{gathered}

Actinide series

\begin{gathered} 90 \\ \mathrm{Th} \\ 232.038 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 91 \\ \mathrm{Pa} \\ 231.036 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 92 \\ \mathrm{U} \\ 238.029 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 93 \\ \mathrm{Np} \\ 237.048 \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 94 \\ \mathrm{Pu} \\ (242) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 95 \\ \mathrm{Am} \\ (243) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 96 \\ \mathrm{Cm} \\ (248) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 97 \\ \mathrm{Bk} \\ (249) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 98 \\ \mathrm{Cf} \\ (249) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 99 \\ \mathrm{Es} \\ (254) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 100 \\ \mathrm{Fm} \\ (257) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered}101 \\ \mathrm{Md} \\ (258) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 102 \\ \mathrm{No} \\ (259) \end{gathered}

\begin{gathered} 103 \\ \mathrm{Lr} \\ (260) \end{gathered}

${}^*$ Atomic weights of stable elements are those adopted in 1969 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. For those elements having no stable isotope, the mass number of the “most stable” isotope is given in parentheses.