Question 5.1: (a) Mention the types of nozzles you know. Where are these u...
(a) Mention the types of nozzles you know. Where are these used ?
(b) From first principles, prove that maximum discharge per unit area in a steam nozzle at the throat is given by the expression
\frac{m_{max}}{A} = [2 (\frac{p_{1}}{v_{1}}) (\frac{2}{n + 1})^{\frac{n + 1}{n – 1}}]^{1 / 2} .
(a) Types of nozzles :
1. Convergent nozzle. It is a smoothly varying cross-sectional area duct which is used for accelerating a steadily flowing fluid. The purpose of this nozzle is to convert the internal energy of the fluid into the kinetic form.
2. Convergent-divergent nozzle. This type of nozzle is a modification of the convergent type where there is a divergent section which acts as an accelerator for supersonic flow.
3. Steam nozzles. This is a special purpose convergent nozzle used in steam turbine for accelerating the steam at the expense of its pressure.
4. Flow nozzle. It is a device used for the measurement of discharge.
(b) Refer article 2.2.