Question 11.19: A turbo-jet engine consumes air at the rate of 60.2 kg/s whe...
A turbo-jet engine consumes air at the rate of 60.2 kg/s when flying at a speed of 1000 km/h. Calculate :
(i) Exit velocity of the jet when the enthalpy change for the nozzle is 230 kJ/kg and velocity co-efficient is 0.96.
(ii) Fuel flow rate in kg/s when air-fuel ratio is 70 : 1
(iii) Thrust specific fuel consumption
(iv) Thermal efficiency of the plant when the combustion efficiency is 92% and calorific value of the fuel used is 42000 kJ/kg.
(v) Propulsive power (vi) Propulsive efficiency
(vii) Overall efficiency.
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Rate of air consumption, \dot{m}_{a} = 60.2 kg/s
Enthalpy change for nozzle, ∆h = 230 kJ/kg
Velocity coefficient, z = 0.96
Air-fuel ratio = 70 : 1
Combustion efficiency, η _{combustion} = 92%
Calorific value of fuel, C.V. = 42000 kJ/kg
Aircraft velocity, C_{a} = \frac{1000 × 1000}{60 × 60} = 277.8 m/s
(i) Exit velocity of jet, C_{j} :
C_{j} = z \sqrt{2 ∆h × 1000} , where ∆h is in kJ
= 0.96 \sqrt{2 × 230 × 1000} = 651 m/s.
i.e., Exit velocity of jet = 651 m/s.
(ii) Fuel flow rate :
Rate of fuel consumption, \dot{m}_{f} = \frac{Rate of air consumption }{Air-fuel ratio}
= \frac{60.2}{70} = 0.86 kg/s.
(iii) Thrust specific fuel consumption :
Thrust is the force produced due to change of momentum.
Thrust produced = \dot{m}_{a} (C_{j} – C_{a} ) , neglecting mass of fuel.
= 60.2 (651 – 277.8) = 22466.6 N.
∴ Thrust specific fuel consumption
= \frac{Fuel consumption }{Thrust} = \frac{0.86}{22466.6}
= 3.828 × 10^{–5} kg/N of thrust/s.
(iv) Thermal efficiency, η_{thermal} :
η_{thermal} = \frac{Work output }{Heat supplied}= \frac{Gain in kinetic energy per kg of air}{Heat supplied by fuel per kg of air }
= \frac{(C_{j}² – C_{a}² ) }{( \frac{m_{f}}{m_{a}}) × C.V. × η_{combustion } × 1000}
= \frac{(651² – 277.8² )}{2 × \frac{1}{70} × 42000 × 0.92 × 1000} = 0.3139 or 31.39%
i.e., Thermal efficiency = 31.39%.
(v) Propulsive power :
Propulsive power = \dot{m}_{a} × (\frac{(C_{j}² – C_{a}² ) }{2}) = \frac{60.2}{1000} × ( \frac{(651² – 277.8² )}{2}) kW
= 10433.5 kW.
(vi) Propulsive efficiency, η_{prop.} :
η_{prop.} = \frac{Thrust power }{Propulsive power} = \frac{2 C_{a}}{C_{j} + C_{a}} …[Eq.(18)]
= \frac{2 × 277.8}{651 + 277.8} = 0.598 or 59.8%.
(vii) Overall efficiency, η_{0} :
η_{0} = \frac{Thrust work }{Heat supplied by fuel } = \frac{(C_{j} – C_{a} ) C_{a}}{( \frac{m_{f}}{m_{a}}) × C.V. × η_{combustion }} …(22)
= \frac{(651 – 277.8 ) × 277.8}{\frac{1}{70} × 42000 × 0.92 × 1000} = 0.1878 or 18.78%.