Question 19.6: Arranging Oxidizing and Reducing Agents in Order of Increasi...
Arranging Oxidizing and Reducing Agents in Order of Increasing Strength
(a) Arrange the following oxidizing agents in order of increasing strength under
standard-state conditions: Br_{2}(aq), Fe^{3+}(aq), Cr_{2}O^{2-}_{7} (aq).
(b) Arrange the following reducing agents in order of increasing strength under
standard-state conditions: Al(s), Na(s), Zn(s).
STRATEGY
Pick out the half-reactions in Table 19.1 that involve the given oxidizing or reducing agents, and list them, along with their E° values, in the order in which they occur in the table. The strength of an oxidizing agent increases as the E° value increases, and the strength of a reducing agent increases as the E° value decreases.
TABLE 19.1 Standard Reduction Potentials at 25 °C | ||||
Reduction Half-Reaction | E° (V) | |||
|
F_{2}(g) + 2 e^{-} → 2F^{-}(aq) | 2.87 |
|
|
H_{2}O_{2}(aq) + 2 H^{+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → 2H_{2}O(l) | 1.78 | |||
MnO^{-}_{4}(aq) + 8 H^{+}(aq) + 5 e^{-} → Mn^{2+}(aq) + 4 H_{2}O(l) | 1.51 | |||
Cl_{2}(g) + 2 e^{-} → 2Cl^{-}(aq) | 1.36 | |||
Cr_{2}O^{2-}_{7}(aq) + 14 H^{+}(aq) + 6 e^{-} → 2 Cr^{3+}(aq) + 7 H_{2}O(l) | 1.36 | |||
O_{2}(g) + 4 H^{+}(aq) + 4 e^{-} → 2 H_{2}O(l) | 1.23 | |||
Br_{2}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → 2 Br^{-}(aq) | 1.09 | |||
Ag^{+}(aq) + e^{-} → Ag(s) | 0.80 | |||
Fe^{3+}(aq) + e^{-} → Fe^{2+}(aq) | 0.77 | |||
O_{2}(g) + 2 H^{+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → H_{2}O_{2}(aq) | 0.70 | |||
I_{2}(s) + 2 e^{-} → 2 I^{-}(aq) | 0.54 | |||
O_{2}(g) + 2 H_{2}O(l) + 4 e^{-} → 4 OH^{-}(aq) | 0.40 | |||
Cu^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Cu(s) | 0.34 | |||
Sn^{4+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Sn^{2+}(aq) | 0.15 | |||
2 H^{+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → H_{2}(g) | 0 | |||
Pb^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Pb(s) | -0.13 | |||
Ni^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Ni(s) | -0.26 | |||
Cd^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Cd(s) | -0.40 | |||
Fe^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Fe(s) | -0.45 | |||
Zn^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Zn(s) | -0.76 | |||
2 H_{2}O(l) + 2 e^{-} → H_{2}(g) + 2 OH^{-}(aq) | -0.83 | |||
Al^{3+}(aq) + 3 e^{-} → Al(s) | -1.66 | |||
Mg^{2+}(aq) + 2 e^{-} → Mg(s) | -2.37 | |||
Na^{+}(aq) + e^{-} → Na(s) | -2.71 | |||
Li^{+}(aq) + e^{-} → Li(s) | -3.04 |
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