Composition of Solutions What ions, atoms, or molecules are present in solution when the following substances mix with water? Write a balanced equation to represent the process of dissolving each substance in water. (a) HNO3(l) (b) Ba(OH)2(s) (c) C12H22O11(s)

Question

Composition of Solutions

What ions, atoms, or molecules are present in solution when the following substances mix with water? Write a balanced equation to represent the process of dissolving each substance in water.

(a) HNO₃(l) (b) Ba(OH)₂(s) (c) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁(s)

Accepted Answer

(a) Nitric acid, HNO₃, is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water to give H⁺(aq) and NO₃^–(aq) ions. Water molecules are also present. The equation for dissolving HNO₃ is

[latex]HNO_{3}(l)\overset{H_{2}O(l) }{\longrightarrow }H^{+}(aq)+NO^{-}_{3}(aq) [/latex]

(b) From Table 11.1 we know that ionic compounds containing OH ions are insoluble, with barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, being an exception. Barium hydroxide is an electrolyte that dissociates in water to give Ba²⁺(aq) and OH^–(aq) ions in a 1 to 2 ratio. The equation for dissolving Ba(OH)₂ is

[latex]Ba(OH)_{2}(s)\overset{H_{2}O(l) }{\longrightarrow }Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq) [/latex]

(c) Sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, is a molecular compound that does not dissociate into ions when it dissolves. Intact molecules of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ exist in the solution. The equation for dissolving C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is

[latex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}(s)\overset{H_{2}O(l) }{\longrightarrow } C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}(aq)[/latex]

Question 11.1: Composition of Solutions What ions, atoms, or molecules are ...

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