Consider aqueous solutions of the following salts:
$Zn(NO_{3})_{2}, KClO_{4}, Na_{3}PO_{4}, NH_{4}F, and\> NaHCO_{3}$
Which of theses solutions are acidic? basic? neutral?

Question

Consider aqueous solutions of the following salts:
[latex]Zn(NO_{3})_{2}, KClO_{4}, Na_{3}PO_{4}, NH_{4}F, and\> NaHCO_{3}[/latex]
Which of theses solutions are acidic? basic? neutral?

STRATEGY

Follow the flowchart in Figure 13.14.

Accepted Answer

[latex]Zn(NO_{3})_{2}: [/latex]

cation: [latex] Zn^{2+}[/latex] not in group 1 or 2 → acidic

anion: [latex]{NO_{3}}^{-}[/latex] anion of a strong acid → spectator [latex]Zn(NO_{3})_{2}[/latex] is acidic

[latex]KClO_{4}:[/latex]

cation: [latex]K^+[/latex] group 1 → spectator

anion: [latex]{ClO_{4}}^{-}[/latex] anion of a strong acid → spectator [latex] KClO_{4}[/latex] is neutral

[latex]Na_{3}PO_{4}: [/latex]

cation: [latex]Na^+[/latex] group 1 → spectator

anion: [latex]{PO_{4}}^{3-}[/latex] not an anion of a strong acid; no ionizable H → basic [latex]Na_{3}PO_{4} [/latex] is basic

[latex]NH_{4}F:[/latex]

cation: [latex]{NH_{4}}^{+}[/latex] not in group 1 or 2 → acidic

anion: [latex]F^{-}[/latex] not an anion of a strong acid; no ionizable H → basic acidic + basic → Check [latex]K_{a}[/latex] for [latex]{NH_{4}}^{+}[/latex] and [latex]K_{b}[/latex] for [latex]F^{-}[/latex]
[latex]K_{a}[/latex] for [latex]{NH_{4}}^{+} = 5.6 imes 10^{-10}; K_{b}\>for\> F^{-} = 1.4 imes 10^{-11} K_{a} > K_{b}[/latex]
[latex]NH_{4}F[/latex] is acidic.

[latex]NaHCO_{3}:[/latex]

cation: [latex]Na^{+}[/latex] group 1 → spectator

anion: [latex]{HCO_{3}}^{-}[/latex] not an anion of a strong acid; has an ionizable H → amphiprotic
spectator + amphiprotic → Check [latex]K_{a}[/latex] and [latex]K_{b}[/latex] for [latex]{HCO_{3}}^{-}[/latex]
[latex]K_{a}[/latex] for [latex]{HCO_{3}}^{-} = 4.7 imes 10^{-11}; K_{b}\> for\> {HCO_{3}}^{-}= 2.3 imes 10^{-8} K_{a} < K_{b}[/latex]
[latex]NaHCO_{3}[/latex] is basic.

Question 13.12: Consider aqueous solutions of the following salts: Zn(NO3)2,...

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