Question 24.2: Give names for the following compounds:

Give names for the following compounds:

Strategy Use the three-step procedure for naming substituted alkanes: (1) name the parent alkane, (2) number the carbons, and (3) name and number the substituent. (Consult Table 5.8 for parent alkane names.)

Setup (a) This is a five-carbon chain. We can number the carbons starting at either end because the \text{Cl} substituent will be located on carbon 3 either way:

(b) This may look like a substituted pentane, too, but the longest carbon chain in this molecule is seven carbons long.

Although Lewis structures appear to be flat and to contain 90° angles, the \text{C} atoms in this molecule are all sp^3 -hybridized (four electron domains around each) and there is free rotation about the \text{C—C} bonds [≪ Section 7.5]. Thus, the molecule can also be drawn as

The substituent is a methyl group on carbon 4.

(c) This is a substituted hexane