Question 12.1: To which family of organic compounds do the following compou...

To which family of organic compounds do the following compounds belong? Explain.
(a) \begin{array}{r c}\underset{|}{H}\ \quad \underset{|}{H}\quad \; \underset{|}{H}\quad \underset{|}{H}\quad \quad \\ H-C-C=C-C-H \\\quad \quad\quad \quad\overset{|}{H}\quad\quad \quad\quad\quad\;\overset{|}{H} \quad \quad \end{array}      (b)  \begin{array}{r c}\underset{|}{H}\ \quad \underset{|}{H}\quad\underset{|}{H}\quad \underset{|}{H}\quad \quad \\ H-C-C-C-C-H \\\quad \quad\quad \quad\overset{|}{H}\quad \; \overset{|}{H} \quad \overset{|}{O} \quad \; \overset{|}{H} \qquad \\ \overset{|}{H} \qquad \qquad \end{array}

(c)      (d) \begin{array}{r c}\underset{|}{H}\ \quad \underset{|}{H}\qquad \quad \underset{|}{H}\quad \underset{|}{H}\quad \quad \\ H-C-C-C-C-C-H \\\quad \quad\quad \quad\overset{|}{H}\quad \overset{|}{H}\quad \; \overset{||}{O}\quad \; \overset{|}{H} \quad \overset{|}{H} \quad \quad \end{array}

ANALYSIS Identify each functional group from the list in Table 12.1, and name the corresponding family to which the compound belongs.

FAMILY NAME	FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE*	SIMPLE EXAMPLE	NAME ENDING
Alkane	Contains only C—H and C—C single bonds	CH_3CH_3   Ethane	-ane
Alkene		Ethylene	-ene
Alkyne		Acetylene (Ethyne)	-yne
Aromatic		Benzene	None
Alkyl halide	(X=F, Cl, Br, I)	CH_3 – Cl  Methyl chloride	None
Alcohol		CH_3 – OH  Methyl alcohol (Methanol)	-ol
Ether		CH_3 – O – CH_3    Dimethyl ether	None
Amine		CH_3 – NH_2    Methylamine	-amine
Aldehyde		\begin{array}{r c}\underset{||}{O} \qquad \> \\ CH_3-C-H \end{array}   Acetaldehyde (Ethanal)	-al
Ketone		\begin{array}{r c}\underset{||}{O} \qquad \quad \> \\ CH_3-C-CH_3 \end{array}  Acetone	-one
Carboxylic acid		\begin{array}{r c}\underset{||}{O} \qquad \enspace \> \\ CH_3-C-OH \end{array}  Acetic acid	-ic acid
Anhydride		\begin{array}{r c}\underset{||}{O} \qquad \quad \> \underset{||}{O} \qquad \quad \> \\ CH_3-C-O-C-CH_3 \end{array}  Acetic anhydride	None
Ester		\begin{array}{r c} \underset{||}{O} \qquad \qquad \quad \> \\ CH_3-C-O-CH_3 \end{array}  Methyl acetate	-ate
Amide		\begin{array}{r c} \underset{||}{O} \qquad \quad \; \\ CH_3-C-NH_2 \end{array}  Acetamide	-amide
*The bonds whose connections are not specified are assumed to be attached to carbon or hydrogen atoms in the rest of the molecule.