Write balanced net ionic equations to explain why
(a) aluminum hydroxide dissolves in hydrochloric acid.
(b) carbon dioxide gas is evolved when calcium carbonate is treated with hydrochloric acid.
(c) carbon dioxide gas is evolved when calcium carbonate is treated with hydrofluoric acid.

Question

Accepted Answer

(a) When a precipitate is said to dissolve, it means that the solid is broken up into its component ions.
[latex]Al(OH)_{3}(s) \longrightarrow Al^{3+}(aq) 1+3OH^-(aq)[/latex]
The [latex]OH^-[/latex] ion then reacts with the appropriate ion contributed by HCl, in this case [latex]H^+[/latex]
[latex]OH^-(aq) + H^+(aq) \longrightarrow H_{2}O[/latex]
The reaction is
[latex]Al(OH)_{3}(s) + 3H^+(aq) \longrightarrow Al^{3+}(aq) + 3H_2O[/latex]
(b) Recall that a carbonate [latex]({CO_{3}}^{2-})[/latex] reacts with an acid by releasing [latex]CO_{2}[/latex] and water. In this case, the reacting species is [latex]H^+[/latex] because HCl is a strong acid (Chapter 4).
[latex]CaCO_{3}(s) + 2H^+(aq) \longrightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq) + CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O[/latex]
(c) As in (b), [latex]CO_{2}[/latex] is evolved, but the reacting species is HF because it is a weak acid.
[latex]CaCO_{3}(s) + 2HF(aq) \longrightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq) + CO_{2}(g) + 2F^{-}(aq) + H_{2}O[/latex]

Question 21.4: Write balanced net ionic equations to explain why (a) alumin...

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