Question 16.3: A design for an industrial oven door has a 15-mm-diameter ho...

A design for an industrial oven door has a 15-mm-diameter horizontal bar over the oven opening on which the door hangs. Two smooth cylindrical door hinges are lined with the graphite metalized bearing material listed in Table 16–1. The door weighs 20.40 kN and rotates 110° from vertical to 20° above horizontal as the door is opened to insert or withdraw parts to be heated. It then returns to the original position. The door is opened and closed five times per minute. Determine the required length of the hinges to produce a pVpV value no more than 25% of the limiting value.

TABLE 16–1 Typical Performance Parameters for Bearing Materials in Boundary
Lubrication at Room Temperature
Material pV
psi-fpm MPa-m/s
Vespel® SP-21 polyimide 300000 10.500 Trademark of DuPont Co.
DP11™, oiled 286000 10.020 GGB Bearing Technology
Manganese bronze (C86200) 150000 5.250 Also called SAE 430A
Aluminum bronze (C95400) 125000 4.375 Also called SAE 68A
DX®10, dry or oiled 80000 2.800 GGB Bearing Technology
Leaded tin bronze (C93800) 75000 2.625 Also called SAE 660
DU® 51400 1.800 GGB Bearing Technology
BU dry lubricant bearing 51400 1.785 See note 1
Porous bronze/oil impregnated 50000 1.750
Babbitt: high tin content (89%) 30000 1.050
DP11™, dry 28600 1.000 GGB Bearing Technology
Babbitt: low tin content (10%) 18000 0.630
Graphite/Metallized 15000 0.525 Graphite Metallizing Corp
Rulon® PTFE: 641 10000 0.350 Food and drug applications (see note 2)
Rulon® PTFE: J 7500 0.263 Filled PTFE
Polyurethane: UHMW 4000 0.140 Ultra-high molecular weight
Nylon®  101 3000 0.105 Trademark of DuPont Co.
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From the given data:
φ=110°φ = 110°
no=5.0n_o = 5.0 cycles/min
D=15D = 15 mm
LL = Length of the bearing, in or mm
FF = (20.40 kN)/2 = 10.2 kN = 10 200 N on each hinge
pVpV limit = 0.525 MPa . m/s
The allowable pVpV value is

(pV)all=pV(pV)_{all} = pV limit × 0.25 = 0.525 MPa . m/s × 0.25 = 0.1313 MPa . m/s
We can now compute the equivalent number of revolutions per minute from

neq=no(2φ)/360n_{eq} = n_o(2φ)/360 = (5.0 cycles/min)(2)(110°)/360° = 3.06
Now the equivalent sliding velocity is
Ve=πDneq/(60000)V_e = πDn_{eq}/(60 000) m/s = V = π(15)(3.06)/(60 000) m/s = 0.00240 m/s
We can now solve for the limiting bearing pressure:

pall=(pV)all/Vep_{all} = (pV)_{all}/V_e = (0.1313 MPa . m/s)/(0.00240 m/s) = 54.69 MPa = 54.69 N/mm2
Let p=F/LDp = F/LD, we can then solve for the required length as follows:
L=F/pDL = F/pD = (10 200 N)/(54.69 N/mm2{}^2)(15 mm) = 12.43 mm
A preferred value of L=16L = 16 mm would be reasonable.

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