Showing That S_{ gen }=0 \text { for a Reversible Process, and } S_{ gen }>0 for an Irreversible Process
a. By considering only the gas contained within the piston-and-cylinder device of Illustration 3.4-7 to be the system, show that the gas undergoes a reversible expansion in each of the four processes considered in that illustration. That is, show that S_{\text {gen }}=0 for each process.
b. By considering the gas, piston, and cylinder to be the system, show that processes a, b, and c of Illustration 3.4-7 are not reversible \text { (i.e., } S_{\text {gen }}>0 \text { ) }, and that process d is reversible.