The ac-dc converter in Fig. 12.47a is designed for use with a hand-held calculator. Ideally, the circuit should convert a 120-V rms sinusoidal voltage to a 9-V dc output. In actuality, the output is
v_{o}(t)=9+0.5 \sin 377 t VLet us use a low-pass filter to reduce the 60-Hz component of υ_{o} (t).