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Question 2.31: Using heat capacity data from Table A.8 of Appendix A and as...

Using heat capacity data from Table A.8 of Appendix A and assuming the heat capacities to be independent of temperature, find the standard-state enthalpy change at 373.15K for the reaction of Eq. (2.7-6): 0=2NO_{2}(g)-N_{2}O_{4}(g).

Table A.8           Values of Thermodynamic Functions
Quantities
T C^{°}_{V,m} S^{°}_{m} -\frac{G^{°}_{m}-H^{°}_{m,298}}{T} H^{°}_{m}-H^{°}_{m,298} \Delta _{f}H^{°} \Delta _{f}G^{°}
Units
K JK^{-1}mol^{-1} JK^{-1}mol^{-1} JK^{-1}mol^{-1} kJmol^{-1} kJmol^{-1} kJmol^{-1}
Ag(cr)
0 −5.745
298 25.351 42.55 0 0 0
Ag^{+}(ao)
298 21.8 72.78 105.579 77.107
AgBr(cr)
298 52.38 107.1 −100.37  −96.90
AgCl(cr)
298 50.79 96.2  −127.068 −109.78
AgI(cr)
298 56.82 115.5 −61.84 −66.19
Ag_{2}S(cr, α, orthorhombic)
0 −33.999
298 76.53 144.01 −32.59 −40.67
Ag_{2}S(cr, β)
298 150.6 −29.41  −39.46
Ar(g)
0 0 0 −6.197 0 0
298 20.786 154.845 154.845 0 0 0
500 20.786 165.591 157.200 4.196 0 0
1000 20.786 179.999 165.410 14.589 0 0
2000 20.786 194.407 176.719 35.375
Br(g)
0 117.942
298 20.786 175.022 6.197 111.884 82.396
500 20.798 185.765 177.372 4.196 96.900 70.100
1000 21.365 200.301 185.603 14.698 98.028 42.873
Br^{−}(ao)
298 −141.8 82.4 −121.55 −103.96
Br_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −9.722 45.702 45.697
298 36.048 245.394 245.394 0 30.910 3.126
500 37.077 264.329 249.526 7.402 0 0
1000 37.787 290.293 264.143 26.150 0 0
2000 38.945 316.785 283.569 64.432 0 0
Br_{2}(l)
298 75.674 152.206 152.206 0 0 0
500 75.302 191.150  −23.208 13.481
C(cr, graphite)
0 0 0 -1.051 0 0
298 .517 5.740 5.740 0 0 0
500 14.623 11.662 6.932 2.365 0 0
1000 21.610 24.457 12.662 11.795 0 0
2000 25.094 40.771 23.008 35.525 0 0
C(cr, diamond)
0 −0.523 2.423
298 6.113 2.377 0 1.895 2.900
C(g)
0 0 0 −6.536 711.185 711.185
298 20.838 158.100 158.100 0 716.170 671.244
500 20.804 168.863 160.459 4.202 718.507 639.906
1000 20.791 183.278 168.678 14.600 719.475 560.654
2000 20.952 197.713 179.996 35.433 716.577 402.694
CH_{4}(g)
0 0 0 −10.024  −66.911  −66.911
298 35.639 186.251 186.251 0 −74.873 −50.768
500 46.342 207.014 190.614 8.200 −80.802 −32.741
1000 71.795 247.549 209.370 38.179 −89.849 19.492
2000 94.399 305.853 244.057 123.592 −92.709 130.802
CO(g)
0 0 0 −8.671 -113.805 -113.805
298 29.142 197.653 197.653 0 −110.527 -137.163
500 29.794 212.831 200.968 5.931 −110.003  −155.414
1000 33.183 234.538 212.848 21.690 −111.983  −200.275
2000 36.250 258.714 230.342 56.744 −118.896 −286.034
CO(ao)
298 104.6 −120.96 −119.90
CO_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −9.364 −393.151 −393.151
298 37.129 213.795 213.795 0 -394.389 -394.389
500 44.627 234.901 281.290 8.054 −393.676 −394.939
1000 54.308 269.299 235.901 33.397  −394.623 −395.886
2000 60.350 309.293 263.574 91.439 −396.784 −396.333
CO_{2}(ao)
298 117.6 −413.80 −385.98
CH_{3}OH(g)
298 43.89 289.81 0 −201.17 −162.46
C_{2}H_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −10.012 235.755 235.755
298 44.095 200.958 200.958 0 226.731 248.163
500 54.869 226.610 206.393 10.108 220.345 264.439
1000 68.275 269.192 227.984 41.208 202.989 315.144
2000 81.605 321.335 262.733 117.203 166.980 441.068
C_{2}H_{4}(g)
0 0 0 −10.518 60.986 60.986
298 42.886 219.330 219.330 0 52.467 68.421
500 62.477 246.215 224.879 10.668 46.641 80.933
1000 93.899 300.408 249.742 50.665 38.183 119.122
2000 118.386 374.791 295.101 159.381 34.894 202.070
C_{2}H_{6}(g)
0 −11.950 −69.132
298 52.63 229.60 0  −84.68 −32.82
Ethanol, C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)
298 111.46 160.7 −277.69 −174.78
Ethanol, C_{2}H_{5}OH(ao)
298 148.5 -288.3 -181.64
Acetic  acid, CH_{3}CO_{2}H(l)
298 124.3 282.5 -484.5 -389.9
Acetic  acid, CH_{3}CO_{2}H(ai)
298 -6.3 86.6 -486.01 -396.31
Acetic  acid, CH_{3}CO_{2}H(ao)
298 178.7 −485.76  −396.46
Acetate  ion, CH^{3}CO_{2}^{−}(ao)
298 −6.3 86.6 0 −486.01 −369.31
Propane, C_{3}H_{8}(g)
298 73.51 270.02 −103.85 −23.27
n-Butane, C_{4}H_{10}(g)
298 97.45 310.23 0 −201.17  −162.46
Benzene, C_{6}H_{6}(g)
298 81.67 269.31 0 82.93 129.73
Benzene, C_{6}H_{6}(l)
298 135.31 172.8 49.028 124.50
Benzoic  acid, C_{6}H_{5}COOH(cr)
298 146.8 167.6 0 −385.1 −245.3
Cyclohexane, C_{6}H_{12}(g)
298 106.3 298.2 −123.1 31.8
Cyclohexane, C_{6}H_{12}(l)
298 156 204.4 −156.2 26.7
Octane, C_{8}H_{18}(l)
298 361.1 −249.9 6.4
Iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethyl  pentane), C_{8}H_{18}(g)
298 423.2 −224.1 13.7
Iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethyl  pentane), C_{8}H_{18}(l)
298 328.0 −255.1 6.90
Ca(cr)
298 25.951 43.070 43.070 0 1.056 0.61
Ca^{2+}(ao)
298 −53.1 −542.83  −553.58
CaCl_{2}(cr)
298 72.59 104.6 −795.8 −748.1
Calcite, CaCO_{3}(cr)
298 81.88 92.9 −1206.92 −1128.79
Aragonite, CaCO_{3}(cr)
298 81.25 88.7 −1207.13  −1127.75
CaO(cr)
298 42.120 38.212 38.212 0 -635.089 −603.501
500 48.982 61.980 43.305 9.338 −634.242  −582.316
1000 53.735 97.700 62.463 35.237  −634.273  −530.677
Cl(g)
0 0 0 −6.272 119.621 119.621
298 21.838 165.189 165.189 0 121.302 105.306
500 22.744 176.752 167.708 4.522 122.272 94.203
1000 22.233 192.430 176.615 15.815 124.334 65.288
2000 21.341 207.505 188.749 37.512 127.058 5.081
Cl^{-}(g)
298 22.958 167.5567 167.556 0 1378.801 1355.845
500 23.706 179.700 170.205 4.748 1384.192 1338
Cl_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −9.181 0 0
298 33.949 223.079 223.079 0 0 0
500 36.064 241.228 227.020 7.104 0 0
1000 37.438 266.767 241.203 25.565 0 0
2000 38.428 293.033 261.277 63.512 0 0
Cl^{-}(ao)
298 −136.4 56.5 −167.159 −131.228
Cu(cr)
298 24.435 33.150 0 0
Cu^{2+}(ao)
298 -99.6 64.77 65.49
CuO(cr)
298 42.246 42.594 42.594  −156.063 −128.292
Cu_{2}O(cr)
298 35.693 234.617 234.617 0 306.269 276.788
F(g)
0 0 0 -6.518 77.284 77.284
298 22.746 158.750 158.750 0 79.390 62.289
500 22.100 170.363 161.307 4.528 80.597 50.350
1000 21.266 185.362 170.038 15.324 82.403 19.317
2000 20.925 199.963 181.778 36.369 84.387 −44.635
F_{2}(g)
0 0 0 -8.825 0 0
298 31.302 202.789 202.789 0 0 0
500 34.255 219.738 206.452 6.743 0 0
1000 37.057 244.552 219.930 24.622 0 0
2000 38.846 270.904 239.531 62.745 0 0
Fe(cr)
0 -4.489
298 25.10 27.28 0 0 0
Fe^{2+}(ao)
298 −137.7 −89.1 −78.90
Fe^{3+}(ao)
298 −315.9 −48.5  −4.7
Fe(OH)_{3}(s)
298 106.7 −823.0  −696.5
Fe(OH)_{3}(ao)
298 −659.3
H_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −8.467 0 0
298 28.836 130.680 130.680 0 0 0
500 29.260 145.737 133.973 5.882 0 0
1000 30.205 166.216 145.536 20.680 0 0
2000 34.280 188.418 161.943 52.951 0 0
H(g)
0 0 0 −6.197 216.35 216.035
298 20.786 114.713 0 217.965 203.247
500 20.786 125.463 5.928 219.254 192.957
H^{+}(ao)
298 0 0 0 0
H_{2}CO_{3}(ao)
298 187.4 −699.65 −623.08
HBr(g)
0 0 0 −8.648  −28.560 −28.560
298 29.142 198.695 0 −36.40 −53.45
500 29.453 213.812 202.006 5.903  −52.636 −57.026
1000 32.319 235.032 21.294 −54.018 −60.796
2000 36.109 258.824 55.838  −54.751 −67.196
HCl(g)
0 0 0 −8.640 −92.127 −92.127
298 29.136 186.901 186.901 0 −92.312 −95.300
500 29.304 201.898 190.205 5.892 −92.912 −97.166
1000 31.628 222.903 201.857 21.046 −94.388 −100.799
2000 35.600 246.246 218.769 54.953 −95.590 −106.631
HF(g)
298 29.138 173.78 173.780 0 −272.546 −274.646
HI(g)
0 0 0 −8.656 28.535 28.535
298 29.156 206.589 206.589 0 26.359 1.560
500 29.736 221.760 209.905 5.928 −5.622 −10.088
1000 33.135 243.404 221.763 21.641 −6.754 −14.006
2000 36.623 267.680 239.248 56.863  −7.589 −21.009
HNO_{3}(g)
0 −11.778 −125.27
298 53.35 266.38 0 −135.06 −74.72
HNO_{3}(ai)
298  −86.6 146.4 0 −207.36 −111.25
H_{2}O(g)
0 0 0 −9.904 −238.921 −238.921
298 33.590 188.834 188.834 0 −241.826 −228.582
500 35.226 206.534 192.685 6.925 −243.826 −219.051
1000 41.268 232.738 206.738 26.000  −247.857  −192.590
2000 51.180 264.769 228.374 72.790  −251.575 −135.528
H_{2}O(l)
298 75.351 69.950 69.950 0 −285.830 −237.141
500 83.694 109.898 78.579 15.659 −279.095 −206.002
H_{2}S(g)
298 34.192 205.757 205.757 0 −20.502 −33.329
500 37.192 224.102 209.726 7.188 −27.762  −40.179
1000 45.786 252.579 224.599 27.980 −90.024  −20.984
H_{2}SO_{4}(l)
298 83.761 298.796 298.796 0 −735.129 −653.366
H_{2}SO_{4}(ai)
298 −293 20.1 0 −909.27 −744.53
He(g)
0 0 0 −6.197 0 0
298 20.786 126.152 126.152 0 0 0
500 20.786 136.899 128.507 4.196 0 0
1000 20.786 151.306 136.718 14.589 0 0
2000 20.786 165.714 148.027 35.375 0 0
Hg(l)
298 27.978 76.028 0 0 0 0
Hg(g)
298 20.786 174.970 174.970 0 61.380 31.880
Hg^{2+}_{2}(ao)
298 84.5 172.4 153.52
Hg^{2+}(ao)
298 −32.2 171.1 164.4
Hg_{2}Cl_{2}(cr)
298 101.968 192.535 192.535 0 −264.927 −210.485
HgCl_{2}(cr)
298 73.906 144.494 144.494 0 −230.120 -184.022
HgO(cr, red, orthorhombic)
298 44.06 70.29 −90.83 −58.539
HgS(cr, red)
298 48.41 82.4 −58.2 −50.6
HgS(cr,black)
298 88.3 −53.6  −47.7
I_{2}(cr)
298 54.436 116.142 116.142 0 0 0
I_{2}(g)
298 36.887 260.685 260.685 0 62.421 19.325
I(g)
0 −6.197 107.240
298 20.786 180.791 0 106.838 70.250
I^{-}(ao)
298 −142.3 111.3 −55.19 −51.57
K^{+}(ao)
298 21.8 102.5 −252.38 −283.27
KOH(cr)
298 64.9 78.9 12.150  −424.764 −379.08
Li^{+}(ao)
298 68.6 13.4 −278.49 −293.31
Mg(cr)
0 −5.000
298 24.89 32.68 0 0 0
MgO(cr, macrocrystal)
0 −5.167 −597.530
298 37.15 26.74 0 −601.70  −569.43
N_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −8.670 0 0
298 29.124 191.609 191.609 0 0 0
500 29.580 206.739 194.917 5.911 0 0
1000 32.697 228.170 206.708 21.463 0 0
2000 35.971 252.074 224.006 56.137 0 0
NH_{3}(g)
0 0 0 −10.045 −38.907 −38.907
298 35.652 192.774 192.774 0  −45.898 −16.367
500 42.048 212.659 197.021 7.819 −49.857 4.800
1000 56.491 246.486 213.849 32.637 −55.013 61.910
2000 72.833 291.525 242.244 98.561 −54.833 179.447
NH_{3}(ao)
298 111.3 −80.29 −26.50
NH_{4}^{+}(ao)
298 79.9 113.4 -132.51 -79.31
NO(g)
298 29.845 210.758 210.758 0 90.291 86.600
NO_{2}(g)
298 36.874 240.034 240.034 0 33.095 51.258
N_{2}O_{4}(g)
0 0 0 −16.398 18.718 18.718
298 77.256 305.376 304.376 0 9.079 97.787
500 97.204 349.446 313.907 17.769 8.769 158.109
1000 119.208 425.106 352.127 72.978 15.189 305.410
2000 129.03 511.743 412.484 198.518 33.110 588.764
N_{2}O(g)
298 38.617 219.957 219.957 0 82.048 104.179
No_{3}^{-}(ao)
298 −86.6 146.4 −205.0 −108.74
N_{2}O_{5}(g)
298 96.303 346.548 346.548 0 11.297 118.013
NOCl(g)
0 −11.364 53.60
298 44.69 261.69 51.71 66.08
Na^{+}(ao)
298 46.4 59.0 −240.12 −261.905
NaOH(cr)
0 0 0 −10.487 −421.396 −421.396
298 59.530 64.445 64.445 0 −425.931 −379.741
500 75.157 98.172 71.595 13.288  −427.401 −347.767
Ne(g)
0 0 0 −6.197 0 0
298 20.786 146.327 146.327 0 0 0
500 20.786 157.074 148.683 4.196 0 0
1000 20.786 171.482 156.893 14.589 0 0
2000 20.786 185.889 168.202 35.375 0 0
O(g)
0 0 0 −6.725 246.790 246.790
298 21.911 161.058 161.058 0 249.173 231.736
500 21.257 172.197 163.511 4.343 250.474 219.549
1000 20.915 186.790 171.930 14.860 252.682 187.681
2000 20.826 201.247 183.391 35.713 255.299 121.552
O_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −8.683 0 0
298 29.376 205.147 205.147 0 0 0
500 31.091 220.693 208.524 6.084 0 0
1000 34.870 243.578 220.875 22.703 0 0
2000 37.741 268.748 239.160 59.175 0 0
O_{3}(g)
0 0 0 −10.351 145.348 145.348
298 39.238 238.932 238.932 0 142.674 163.184
500 47.262 261.272 243.688 8.792 142.340 177.224
1000 55.024 297.048 262.228 34.819 143.439 211.759
2000 58.250 336.469 290.533 91.873 145.784 279.089
OH^{-}(ao)
298  −148.5 −10.75 −229.994 −157.244
P(cr,  white)
298 23.840 41.09 5.360 0 0
P(cr,  red,  triclinic)
298 21.21 22.80 3.607  −17.6  −12.1
P(cr,  black)
298 −39.3
P(am,  red)
298 −7.5
PCl_{3}(g)
0 0 0 −15.932 −285.497 −285.497
298 71.581 311.682 311.682 0 −288.696 −269.610
500 78.370 350.656 320.107 15.274 −290.007 −256.102
1000 81.867 406.435 350.828 55.607 −290.528 −221.943
2000 82.819 463.583 394.530 138.107  −348.754  −110.631
PCl_{5}(g)
0 0 0 −22.852 −354.723  −354.723
298 111.890 364.288 364.288 0 −360.184 −290.271
500 124.332 425.745 377.544 24.100 −359.722 −242.799
1000 130.705 514.582 426.223 88.359 −354.829  −127.623
2000 132.439 605.912 495.804 220.215 −401.646 137.886
Pb(cr)
0 −6.878
298 26.44 64.81 0 0 0
Pb^{2+}(ao)
298 10.5 −1.7 −24.43
PbO_{2}(cr)
298 64.64 68.6 −277.4 −217.33
PbS(cr)
298 49.50 91.2 −100.4 −98.7
PbSO_{4}(cr)
0 −20.062
298 103.207 148.57 0 −919.94 −813.14
Pt(cr)
0 −5.740
298 25.86 41.63 0 0 0
S(cr,  rhombic)
0 −4.410
298 22.64 31.80 0 0 0
S(cr,  monoclinic)
298 0.33 0.096
S^{2-}(ao)
298 −14.6 33.1 85.8
SO_{2}(g)
0 0 0 −10.552 −294.299 −294.299
298 39.878 248.212 248.212 0 −296.842  −300.125
500 46.576 270.495 252.979 8.758 −302.736  −300.871
1000 54.484 305.767 271.339 34.428 −361.940 −288.725
2000 58.229 345.007 299.383 91.250 −360.981  −215.929
SO_{3}(g)
0 0 0 −11.697 −390.025 −390.025
298 50.661 256.769 256.769 0  −395.765 −371.016
500 63.100 286.152 262.992 11.580 −401.878  −352.668
1000 75.968 334.828 287.768 47.060 −459.581 −293.639
2000 81.140 389.616 326.421 126.390 −454.351  −129.768
SO_{4}^{2-}(ao)
298 −293 20.1  −909.27 −744.53
Sn^{2+}(ao)
(μ(NaClO_{4}) = 3.0)
298 -17 -8.8 -27.2
Sn^{4+}(ao)
(in HCl+H_{2}O)
298 −117 30.5 2.5
Zn(cr)
0 −5.669
298 25.287 41.717 0 0 0
Zn^{2+}(ao)
298 46 -112.1 −153.89  −147.06
ZnO(cr)
298 40.25 43.64  −348.28  −318.30
sphalerite,  ZnS(cr)
298 46.0 57.7  −205.98  −201.29
wurtzite,  ZnS(cr)
298 −192.63
FA1:G433rom M.W. Chase, Jr., C. A. Davies, J. R. Downey, Jr., D. J. Frurip, R. A. McDonald, and A. N. Syverud, JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 14, 1985, Supplement No. 1, published by the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics for the National Bureau of Standards; D. D.Wagman,W. H. Evans, V. B. Parker, R. H. Schymm, I. Halow, S. M. Bailer, K. L. Churney, and R. L Nuttall, The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties—Selected Values for Inorganic and C_{1}  and  C_{2} Organic Substances in SI Units, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data., Vol. 11, 1982, Supplement No. 2, published by the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics for the National Bureau of Standards. In the case of small discrepancies between Chase et al., andWagman et al., the values from Chase et al., have been taken. Values for organic substances with more than two carbons are from D. R. Stull, E. F.Westrum, and G. C. Sinke, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1969, or from M. Kh. Karapet’yants and M. L. Karapet’yants, Thermodynamic Constants of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Humphrey Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 1970. Abbreviations: cr=crystal; l=liquid; g=gas; ao=aqueous, molality standard state without (further) ionization; ai=aqueous, molality standard state with ionization; am=amorphous.
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