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## Q. 11.2

What kind (p-type or n-type) of semiconductor is made if pure silicon is doped with a small amount of (a) gallium; (b) antimony?

## Verified Solution

(a) Silicon has four electrons in its outer shell $\left(3 s^{2} 3 p^{2}\right)$, but gallium has three $\left(4 s^{2} 4 p^{1}\right)$. With this electron deficiency, silicon doped with gallium should be a p-type semiconductor. (b) Now silicon is being doped with antimony, which has an outer shell $5 s^{2} 5 p^{3}$. There is an extra electron, making this an n-type semiconductor.