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Compendium to Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists: 300 Problems and Solutions

300 SOLVED PROBLEMS

Question: 6.8.Q2

According to the derivation of (T6.74), the CSDA range R^M0 CSDA[(E^M0 K)] of an arbitrary heavy charged particle (CP) of rest energy M0c², charge ze, and incident kinetic energy (E^M0 K)0 in a given absorber can be written in terms of the CSDA range of a proton R^p CSDA[(E^pK)] of rest energy ...

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(a) The CSDA range R_{\mathrm{CSDA}}\left[\...
Question: 13.9.Q2

A microwave travelling in a uniform EM waveguide can be characterized by its frequency ν, angular frequency ω = 2πν, wavelength λg, propagation coefficient kg2π/λg, energy hν = hc/λg, phase velocity υph = ω/kg, group velocity υgr = dω/dkg, as well as associated electric field E and magnetic field B ...

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(a) As shown in Prob. 277, components {E}_z...
Question: 13.6.Q2

Electromagnetic (EM) waveguides are hollow structures with metallic walls and central core that is either evacuated or filled with pressurized dielectric gas. It is mainly used for transmission of microwave power and signals; however, with some structural modifications, it can also be used for ...

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(a) Parameters of uniform rectangular evacuated EM...
Question: 13.6.Q1

Wave properties of photons and matter, such as wavelength λ, wave vector k, frequency ν, angular frequency ω, phase velocity υph, group velocity υgr, speed of light c, and index of refraction n, are connected through various simple relationships. These are usually summarized with the so-called ...

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(a) Dispersion relationship for a plane EM wave in...
Question: 13.4.Q1

Two types of waveguide are used for transmission of microwave power and signals: rectangular and circular. Waveguides are usually oriented with their central axes parallel to the z axis of the Cartesian coordinate system for rectangular waveguides and cylindrical coordinate system for circular ...

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(a) Electric field E and magnetic field B in the c...
Question: 12.6.Q10

Production of cobalt-60 (Co-60) radionuclide from cobalt-59 (Co-59) nuclide is usually treated like a simple parent P–daughter D–granddaughter G nuclear series, whereby the natural parent Co-59 nuclide is activated with thermal neutrons (activation cross section σP = 37 b) in a nuclear reactor into ...

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(a) The differential equation for change dN...
Question: 12.6.Q9

To date, out of over 3500 known radionuclides only four (cesium-137, cobalt60, europium-152, and radium-226) meet requirements for use in external beam radiotherapy and, of these, only cobalt-60 has gained widespread use as teletherapy source material. Cobalt-60 radionuclide is produced in a ...

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Recalling that half-life \left(t_{1/2}\righ...
Question: 12.6.Q8

Three models are used for describing nuclear activation processes. Listed in order of increasing complexity they are: (1) Saturation model, (2) Depletion model, and (3) Depletion–activation model. The three models predict different expressions for normalized daughter D activity yD(x) as well as for ...

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(a) Equations for the maximum attainable specific ...
Question: 12.6.Q7

The depletion model of nuclear activation accounts for depletion in number NP of parent P nuclei as a function of activation time t but assumes that the daughter D nuclei are not affected by the activation particles, resulting in σD = 0. As shown in Prob. 252 and (T12.31), the maximum normalized ...

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(a) Parameters of the saturation model, depletion ...
Question: 9.6.Q4

Californium (Cf) is a synthetic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series with an atomic number Z of 98 and 20 known radioisotopes. Of these only Cf-252, as an intense neutron emitter, is of commercial interest and was found useful in a wide range of specialized areas of science, ...

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(a) The effective half-life \left(t_{1/2}\r...
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