Depict the complex number z = 1 − j on an Argand diagram and convert it into polar form.
The real part of z is 1 and the imaginary part is −1. We therefore plot a point in the x–y
plane with x = 1 and y = −1 as shown in Figure 9.4.
From Figure 9.4 we see that r=\sqrt{1^2+(-1)^2}=\sqrt{2} \text { and } \theta=-45^{\circ} \text { or }-\pi / 4 radians.
Therefore z=1-\mathrm{j}=\sqrt{2} \angle(-\pi / 4).