Question 5.23: Air is expanded reversibly and adiabatically in a nozzle fro...
Air is expanded reversibly and adiabatically in a nozzle from 13 bar and 150°C to a pressure of 6 bar. The inlet velocity of the nozzle is very small and the process occurs under steady state flow conditions. Calculate the exit velocity of the nozzle. (U.P.S.C., 1992)
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Given : p_{1} = 13 bar ; T_{1} = 150 + 273 = 423 K ; p_{2} = 6 bar ; C_{1} = 0
Exit velocity, C_{2} :
Applying the energy equation at ‘1’ and ‘2’, we get
m [h_{1} + \frac{ C_{1} ²}{2} + Z_{1} g] + Q = [h_{2} + \frac{ C_{2} ²}{2} + Z_{2} g ] + W …(i)
Since the air is expanded reversibly and adiabatically in a nozzle from condition ‘1’ to ‘2’, therefore,
Q = 0 ; Also W = 0 and Z_{1} = Z_{2}
∴ Eqn. (i) reduces to :
But C_{1} = 0
∴ C_{2} ² = 2 (h_{1} – h_{2})
or C_{2} = \sqrt{ 2 (h_{1} – h_{2})} = \sqrt{ 2 × c_{p} (T_{1} – T_{2})} …(ii)
Now, \frac{ T_{2}}{T_{1}} = (\frac{ p_{2}}{p_{1}})^{ \frac{ γ – 1}{γ} } = (\frac{ 6}{13})^{ \frac{ 1.4 – 1}{1.4} } = 0.8018
∴ T_{2} = 423 × 0.8018 = 339.16 K
Substituting the values in eqn. (ii), we get
C_{2} = \sqrt{ 2 × 1.005 (423 – 339.16) } = 12.98 m/s.
