Chapter 6
Q. 6.16
Consider the cascode stage shown in Fig. 6.35(a), where the load resistor is replaced by an ideal current source. Neglecting the capacitances associated with M_1, representing V_{in} and M_1 by a Norton equivalent as in Fig. 6.35(b), and assuming γ = 0, compute the transfer function.

Step-by-Step
Verified Solution
Since the current through C_X is equal to −V_{out}C_Y s − I_{in}, we have V_X = −(V_{out}C_Y s + I_{in})/(C_X s), and the smallsignal drain current of M_2 is −g_{m2}(−V_{out}C_Y s − I_{in})/(C_X s). The current through r_{O2} is then equal to −V_{out}C_Y s − g_{m2}(V_{out}C_Y s + I_{in})/(C_X s). Noting that V_X plus the voltage drop across r_{O2} is equal to V_{out}, we write
−r_{O2} \left[(V_{out}C_Y s + I_{in})\frac{g_{m2}}{C_X s} + V_{out}C_Y s\right] − (V_{out}C_Y s + I_{in}) \frac{1}{C_X s} = V_{out} (6.82)
That is
\frac{V_{out}}{I_{in}}= \frac{−g_{m2}r_{O2} + 1}{C_X s} · \frac{1}{1 + (1 + g_{m2}r_{O2})\frac{C_Y}{C_X}+ C_Y r_{O2}s} (6.83)
which, for g_{m2}r_{O2} \gg 1 and g_{m2}r_{O2}C_Y /C_X \gg 1 (i.e., C_Y > C_X ), reduces to
\frac{V_{out}}{I_{in}}≈ \frac{− g_{m2}}{C_X s} \frac{1}{\frac{C_Y}{C_X}g_{m2} + C_Y s} (6.84)
and hence
\frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}}=\frac{−g_{m1}g_{m2}}{C_YC_X s}\frac{1}{g_{m2}/C_X + s} (6.85)
The magnitude of the pole at node X is still given by g_{m2}/C_X . This is because at high frequencies (as we approach this pole), C_Y shunts the output node, dropping the gain and suppressing the Miller effect of r_{O2}.