Question 14.AP.5: HOW DO BUGLES WORK? A bugle has no valves, keys, slides, or ...

Songs for the bugle are limited to harmonics of the fundamental frequency because there is no control over frequencies without valves, keys, slides, or finger holes. The player obtains different notes by changing the tension in the lips as the bugle is played, exciting different harmonics. The normal playing range of a bugle is among the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth harmonics of the fundamental. “Reveille,” for example, is played with just the three notes \mathrm{G}, \mathrm{C}, and \mathrm{F}, and “Taps” is played with these three notes and the \mathrm{G} one octave above the lower \mathrm{G}.