Question 27.4: Predicting Whether a Substitution Reaction Proceeds by an SN...
Predicting Whether a Substitution Reaction Proceeds by an S_N1 or S_N2 Mechanism
Does the substitution reaction below follow an S_N1 or an S_N2 mechanism? What are the products? Write the steps of the mechanism and use arrows to show the movement of electrons.
Analyze
The haloalkane is a 2° haloalkane. Secondary haloalkanes undergo substitution reactions by either the S_N1 or S_N2 depending on the nucleophile and solvent. (See Table 27.2.)
TABLE 27.2 Relative Reactivities of Haloalkanes | ||||
\begin{matrix} \ \quad \underset{|}{CH_3} \\ H_3C-C-X \\ \ \quad \overset{|}{CH_3} \end{matrix} | \begin{matrix} \ \quad \underset{|}{H} \\ H_3C-C-X \\ \ \quad \overset{|}{CH_3} \end{matrix} | \begin{matrix} \ \underset{|}{H} \\ H-C-X \\ \ \overset{|}{CH_3} \end{matrix} | \begin{matrix} \ \underset{|}{H} \\ H-C-X \\ \ \overset{|}{H} \end{matrix} | |
Electrophile | 3° | 2° | 1° | Methyl |
Stability of Carbocation | Forms a relatively stable carbocation | Form relatively unstable carbocations | ||
S_N1 Reactivity | \xleftarrow{\text{ increasing }S_N1 \text{ reactivity}\text{ }} | No S_N1 | ||
S_N2 Reactivity | No S_N2 | \xrightarrow{\text{ increasing }S_N2 \text{ reactivity}\text{ }} | ||
\alpha Carbon | Sterically hindered | Not sterically hindered | ||
Solvent | Use a polar protic solvent to promote the S_N1 reaction | Use a polar aprotic solvent to promote the S_N2 reaction |
The symbols 1°, 2°, and 3° stand for primary, secondary, and tertiary, respectively.
The "Step-by-Step Explanation" refers to a detailed and sequential breakdown of the solution or reasoning behind the answer. This comprehensive explanation walks through each step of the answer, offering you clarity and understanding.
Our explanations are based on the best information we have, but they may not always be right or fit every situation.
Our explanations are based on the best information we have, but they may not always be right or fit every situation.
The blue check mark means that this solution has been answered and checked by an expert. This guarantees that the final answer is accurate.
Learn more on how we answer questions.
Learn more on how we answer questions.
Related Answered Questions
Question: 27.Int.1
Verified Answer:
Working backward, this cis isomer is obtained by u...
Question: 27.7
Verified Answer:
Because the —OH group is an o-, p-directing group ...
Question: 27.6
Verified Answer:
(a) The condensed structural formula for 1-propano...
Question: 27.5
Verified Answer:
(a) We identify the electrophile as CH_3CH_...
Question: 27.2
Verified Answer:
(a) In the equation below, reactants and products ...
Question: 27.3
Verified Answer:
(a) The nucleophile is the CN^- ion...
Question: 27.1
Verified Answer:
(a) Because a Br atom in CH_3Br is ...