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Question 3.97: Determine the molecular formula from the figure. Once the mo......

Determine the molecular formula from the figure. Once the molecular formula is known, use the periodic table to determine the molar mass. Convert the volume in (b) from quarts to mL and use the density to convert from mL to mass in grams. Take 6.82% of that mass and use the molar mass to convert to moles.

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a) The formula of citric acid obtained by counting the number of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, and hydrogen atoms is \text{C}_6\text{H}_8\text{O}_7.
Molar mass = (6 x 12.01) + (8 x 1.008) + (7 x 16.00) = 192.12 g/mol
b) Determine the mass of citric acid in the lemon juice, and then use the molar mass to find the moles.

\text{Moles C}_6\text{H}_8\text{O}_7=(1.50\text{ qt})\left\lgroup\frac{1\text{ L}}{1.057\text{ qt}} \right\rgroup \left\lgroup\frac{1\text{ mL}}{10^{-3}\text{ L}} \right\rgroup \left\lgroup\frac{1.09\text{ g}}{\text{mL}} \right\rgroup \left\lgroup\frac{6.82\%}{100\%} \right\rgroup \left\lgroup\frac{1\text{ mol C}_6\text{H}_8\text{O}_7}{192.12\text{ g acid}} \right\rgroup \\ =0.549104=0.549\text{ mol C}_6\text{H}_8\text{O}_7

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