Question 19.5: In the layout of Fig. 19.44, a 100-μm metal 4 line is connec...
In the layout of Fig. 19.44, a 100-μm metal 4 line is connected to a sequence of vias and contacts to reach the gate of a transistor. Calculate the thermal noise contributed by the line and the contacts.

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Assuming R_{\square } = 40 mΩ/\square for metal 4, a via resistance of 5 Ω, and a poly contact resistance of 30 Ω, we have R_{tot} = 2 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 15 = 24.5 Ω. The thermal noise voltage is thus equal to 0.64 nV/\sqrt{Hz} at room temperature. If guiding the input signal to a low-noise amplifier, this interconnect arrangement considerably raises the input-referred noise.
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