Which system requires the highest E_{b}/N_{0} ratio for a probability of error of 10^{-6}, a four-level QAM system or an 8-PSK system?
From Figure 49, the minimum E_{b}/N_{0} ratio required for a four-level QAM system is 10.6 dB. From Figure 48, the minimum E_{b}/N_{0} ratio required for an 8-PSK system is 14 dB. Therefore, to achieve a P(e) of 10^{-6}, a four-level QAM system would require 3.4 dB less E_{b}/N_{0} ratio.